12.1 Introduction

12.2 Fundamentals and general terms

12.3 Processes and techniques

12.3.1 Ionization nomenclature
12.3.2 Types of ions
12.3.3 Scanning of spectra

12.3.3.1 General
12.3.3.2 Tandem Mass Spectrometers

12.4.1 Ion detection
12.4.2 Signal recording
12.4.3 Data systems
12.4.4 Vacuum technology (General, Flow, Gauges, Leak, Pressure, Pumps, Seals, Traps (Vacuum), Vacuum, Valves)

12.5.1 Ion / molecule reactions
12.5.2 Isotope mass spectrometry